SETO Survey Weights

The population for this component of our research is adults (18+) in the eight states we will include within this study: MA, NY, CA, OR, IL, MD, CO, and MN. We have chosen to oversample-populations that are considered low- to moderate-income (LMI) defined as up to 50% and between 50%-80% of an area’s median income, in accordance with the Department of Housing and Urban Development’s (HUD) definitions of each term. We have also chosen to oversample minority and renter populations in this research, surpassing the proportional estimates of these demographics supplied by the 2018 American Community Survey (ACS) estimates.

As late June 2023, 1,493 individuals responded to the survey. Given the oversampling of income, minority and renter populations, survey weights must be designed and implemented to avoid bias in describing the population.

Race Weights

Race, along with all demographic data, is self-attested through the survey. The categories included: Asian, Black or African American, Hispanic or Latino, Multiracial, Native American or Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiin or Pacific Islander, Other, White. To construct state level weights, the categories were further condensed into the following: Asian, Black or African American, Hispanic or Latino, Other, and White.

Using the American Community Survey (ACS) 2020 5-Year data, from table B03002, a comparable crosstab was developed to match the race categories for the survey.

The chart below shows the race proportions for the survey compared against the state totals for each of the eight states where responses were collected. Note, the oversampling of Black, Asian, and Other - POC is evident, whereas White and Hispanic or Latino are undersampled.

Total

Descriptive Statistics, 8-State Region
Race	Census_Total	Survey_Total	Weight
White	52,150,851	602	86,629.32
Hispanic or Latino	24,830,970	207	119,956.38
Asian	9,585,168	217	44,171.28
Black or African American	9,540,566	290	32,898.50
Other - POC	3,841,546	177	21,703.65
Total	99,949,101	1,493	99,949,101.00

California

Descriptive Statistics
Race	Census_Total	Survey_Total	Weight
Hispanic or Latino	15,380,929	107	143,747.00
White	14,365,145	134	107,202.57
Asian	5,743,983	120	47,866.53
Black or African American	2,142,371	82	26,126.48
Other - POC	1,713,595	72	23,799.93
Total	39,346,023	515	39,346,023.00

Colorado

Descriptive Statistics
Race	Census_Total	Survey_Total	Weight
White	3,837,450	82	46,798.17
Hispanic or Latino	1,231,126	29	42,452.62
Black or African American	224,190	22	10,190.45
Other - POC	213,895	19	11,257.63
Asian	178,265	12	14,855.42
Total	5,684,926	164	5,684,926.00

Illinois

Descriptive Statistics
Race	Census_Total	Survey_Total	Weight
White	7,737,459	74	104,560.26
Hispanic or Latino	2,190,696	19	115,299.79
Black or African American	1,766,586	54	32,714.56
Asian	702,457	18	39,025.39
Other - POC	318,966	15	21,264.40
Total	12,716,164	180	12,716,164.00

Massachusetts

Descriptive Statistics
Race	Census_Total	Survey_Total	Weight
White	4,865,022	58	83,879.69
Hispanic or Latino	828,140	4	207,035.00
Black or African American	466,288	28	16,653.14
Asian	462,831	13	35,602.39
Other - POC	250,722	14	17,908.71
Total	6,873,003	117	6,873,003.00

Maryland

Descriptive Statistics
Race	Census_Total	Survey_Total	Weight
White	3,028,494	28	108,160.50
Black or African American	1,773,702	34	52,167.71
Hispanic or Latino	619,418	3	206,472.67
Asian	382,027	4	95,506.75
Other - POC	233,983	4	58,495.75
Total	6,037,624	73	6,037,624.00

Minnesota

Descriptive Statistics
Race	Census_Total	Survey_Total	Weight
White	4,422,490	46	96,141.09
Black or African American	354,540	9	39,393.33
Hispanic or Latino	307,675	2	153,837.50
Asian	273,100	5	54,620.00
Other - POC	242,361	4	60,590.25
Total	5,600,166	66	5,600,166.00

New York

Descriptive Statistics
Race	Census_Total	Survey_Total	Weight
White	10,766,297	137	78,586.11
Hispanic or Latino	3,720,707	37	100,559.65
Black or African American	2,737,471	59	46,397.81
Asian	1,657,284	40	41,432.10
Other - POC	633,090	36	17,585.83
Total	19,514,849	309	19,514,849.00

Oregon

Descriptive Statistics
Race	Census_Total	Survey_Total	Weight
White	3,128,494	43	72,755.67
Hispanic or Latino	552,279	6	92,046.50
Other - POC	234,934	13	18,071.85
Asian	185,221	5	37,044.20
Black or African American	75,418	2	37,709.00
Total	4,176,346	69	4,176,346.00

Income Weights

Respondents to the survey were asked to report their household income respective to customized AMI categories, dependent on both their household size and zip code using a custom income group calculation methodology (zips to fips.do). This calculation allowed for respondents to select income ranges for their household that corresponded to <30%, 30-50%, 50-80%, 80-120% and over 120% area median income (AMI).

Income weights are taken from the Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Office of Policy Development and Research (PD&R) Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) data. This data is released on a lagged timetable relative to the American Community Survey from the U.S. Census Bureau. Hence, the latest data available is five year 2018 data.

to-do: AMI last bucket is over 80, there is one more for 100% and over

note that this is from table 11, where we can back into the calculation used by SETO
CHAS output is for households, which is technically correct, but gender and race are by person, so the totals by state won’t look quite similar

HUD CHAS 2014-2018 Houseolds by AMI
state	1: Less than 30% AMI	2: Between 30-50% AMI	3: Between 50-80% AMI	4: Between 80-120% AMI	5: More than 120% AMI
California	1,833,800	1,535,410	2,026,165	2,294,225	5,275,825
Colorado	231,820	219,560	342,150	412,225	907,645
Illinois	646,950	560,715	773,960	894,685	1,953,715
Maryland	269,455	239,485	255,970	389,530	1,038,070
Massachusetts	393,300	282,985	336,210	448,605	1,140,815
Minnesota	248,055	244,935	342,430	449,560	882,820
New York	1,288,115	891,935	1,101,585	1,268,170	2,766,735
Oregon	167,840	165,925	254,310	293,920	709,845
Total	5,079,335	4,140,950	5,432,780	6,450,920	14,675,470